SELECTED RESEARCH

ANTHROPOLOGY

Raichlen, D. A., Pontzer, H., Harris, J. A., Mabulla, A. Z. P., Marlowe, F. W., Josh Snodgrass, J., Eick, G., Colette Berbesque, J., Sancilio, A., & Wood, B. M. (2017). Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter‐gatherers. American Journal of Human Biology, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22919

O’Keefe, J. H., Vogel, R., Lavie, C. J., & Cordain, L. (2010). Achieving Hunter-gatherer Fitness in the 21st Century: Back to the Future. The American Journal of Medicine, 123(12), 1082–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.04.026

F Booth et al. Role of inactivity in chronic diseases: evolutionary insight and pathophysiological mechanisms, Physiol Rev, 2017 Oct; 97(4):1351-1402.

Milton, K. (2000). Hunter-gatherer diets—A different perspective. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(3), 665–667. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.665

Katsampouris, E., Turner-Cobb, J. M., Barnett, J. C., & Arnold, R. S. (2022). Can ancient and modern stressors be distinguished? A mixed-methods exploration of psychosocial characteristics and health symptoms in young and older adults. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(3), 624–636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320965654

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

CDC disease statistics: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2022, November 7). Chronic diseases in America. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chronic Disease In America. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/chronic-diseases.htm

Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., Miller, A. H., Mantovani, A., Weyand, C. M., Barzilai, N., Goronzy, J. J., Rando, T. A., Effros, R. B., Lucia, A., Kleinstreuer, N., & Slavich, G. M. (2019). Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nature Medicine, 25(12), 1822–1832. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0

Pahwa, R., Jialal, I., & Goyal, A. (2022, January). Chronic Inflammation. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved June 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493173/

Hunter, P. (2012). The inflammation theory of disease: The growing realization that chronic inflammation is crucial in many diseases opens new avenues for treatment. EMBO Reports, 13(11), 968–970. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.142

NUTRITION

Baraldi, L. G., Martinez Steele, E., Canella, D. S., & Monteiro, C. A. (2018). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(3), e020574. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020574

Johnson, R. K., Appel, L. J., Brands, M., Howard, B. V., Lefevre, M., Lustig, R. H., Sacks, F., Steffen, L. M., & Wylie-Rosett, J. (2009). Dietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 120(11), 1011–1020. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627

Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. (2002, April 16). Scientists Close In On Trigger Of Insulin Resistance; Extra Sugar Can Cause Insulin Resistance In Cells. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 29, 2022 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/04/020416073449.htm

Bolte, L. A., Vich Vila, A., Imhann, F., Collij, V., Gacesa, R., Peters, V., Wijmenga, C., Kurilshikov, A., Campmans-Kuijpers, M. J. E., Fu, J., Dijkstra, G., Zhernakova, A., & Weersma, R. K. (2021). Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome. Gut, 70(7), 1287. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322670

Zinöcker, M., & Lindseth, I. (2018). The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease. Nutrients, 10(3), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030365

Chattopadhyay, S., Raychaudhuri, U., & Chakraborty, R. (2014). Artificial sweeteners – a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(4), 611–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1

Juul, F., Martinez-Steele, E., Parekh, N., Monteiro, C. A., & Chang, V. W. (2018). Ultra-processed food consumption and excess weight among US adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 120(1), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518001046

McLaughlin, T., Liu, L.-F., Lamendola, C., Shen, L., Morton, J., Rivas, H., Winer, D., Tolentino, L., Choi, O., Zhang, H., Hui Yen Chng, M., & Engleman, E. (2014). T-Cell Profile in Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Humans. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 34(12), 2637–2643. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304636

Macdonald, I. A. (2016). A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(S2), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1340-8

Srour, B., Fezeu, L. K., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Debras, C., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Chazelas, E., Deschasaux, M., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., Monteiro, C. A., Julia, C., & Touvier, M. (2020). Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(2), 283. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.59421.

Aller, E. E. J. G., Abete, I., Astrup, A., Martinez, J. A., & Baak, M. A. van. (2011). Starches, Sugars and Obesity. Nutrients, 3(3), 341–369. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3030341

30% of adults are reducing gluten: NPD Group. (2015). Percentage of US adults trying to cut down or avoid gluten in their diets reaches new high in 2013, reports NPD. NPD Group.

He, F. J., Nowson, C. A., Lucas, M., & MacGregor, G. A. (2007). Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: Meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of Human Hypertension, 21(9), 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1002212

Wang, X., Ouyang, Y., Liu, J., Zhu, M., Zhao, G., Bao, W., & Hu, F. B. (2014). Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ, 349(jul29 3), g4490–g4490. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4490

Liu, R. H. (2013). Health-Promoting Components of Fruits and Vegetables in the Diet. Advances in Nutrition, 4(3), 384S-392S. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.003517

Minich, D. M. (2019). A Review of the Science of Colorful, Plant-Based Food and Practical Strategies for “Eating the Rainbow.” Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2019, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2125070

Erlanson-Albertsson, C., & Albertsson, P.-Å. (2015). The Use of Green Leaf Membranes to Promote Appetite Control, Suppress Hedonic Hunger and Loose Body Weight. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 70(3), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0491-8

Tsoupras, A., Lordan, R., & Zabetakis, I. (2018). Inflammation, not Cholesterol, Is a Cause of Chronic Disease. Nutrients, 10(5), 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050604

Kummerow, F. A. (2009). The negative effects of hydrogenated trans fats and what to do about them. Atherosclerosis, 205(2), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.009

Siri-Tarino, P. W., Sun, Q., Hu, F. B., & Krauss, R. M. (2010). Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(3), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725

Hooper, L., Martin, N., Jimoh, O. F., Kirk, C., Foster, E., & Abdelhamid, A. S. (2020). Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3

Catanzaro, R., Sciuto, M., & Marotta, F. (2021). Lactose intolerance: An update on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Nutrition Research, 89, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2021.02.003

Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17.Simopoulos, A. P. (2008). The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17.

Simopoulos, A. P. (2004). Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio and Chronic Diseases. Food Reviews International, 20(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-120028831

Murphy, R. A., Devarshi, P. P., Ekimura, S., Marshall, K., & Hazels Mitmesser, S. (2021). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid serum concentrations across life stages in the USA: An analysis of NHANES 2011–2012. BMJ Open, 11(5), e043301. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043301

Sinha, R., Chow, W. H., Kulldorff, M., Denobile, J., Butler, J., Garcia-Closas, M., ... & Rothman, N. (1999). Well-done, grilled red meat increases the risk of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Research, 59(17), 4320-4324.

Gormaz, J. G., Fry, J. P., Erazo, M., & Love, D. C. (2014). Public Health Perspectives on Aquaculture. Current Environmental Health Reports, 1(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-014-0018-8

Riebl, S. K., & Davy, B. M. (2013). The Hydration Equation: Update on Water Balance and Cognitive Performance. ACSM’S Health & Fitness Journal, 17(6), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0b013e3182a9570f

Wilson, M. G., & Morley, J. E. (2003). Impaired cognitive function and mental performance in mild dehydration. European journal of clinical nutrition, 57, S24-S29.

Bishehsari, F., Magno, E., Swanson, G., Desai, V., Voigt, R. M., Forsyth, C. B., & Keshavarzian, A. (2017). Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation. Alcohol research: current reviews, 38(2), 163.

Wang, H. J. (2010). Alcohol, inflammation, and gut-liver-brain interactions in tissue damage and disease development. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 16(11), 1304. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i11.1304

Romeo, J., Wärnberg, J., Nova, E., Díaz, L. E., Gómez-Martinez, S., & Marcos, A. (2007). Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: A review. British Journal of Nutrition, 98(S1), S111–S115. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507838049

Einöther, S. J. L., & Giesbrecht, T. (2013). Caffeine as an attention enhancer: Reviewing existing assumptions. Psychopharmacology, 225(2), 251–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2917-4

Liang, N., & Kitts, D. (2014). Antioxidant Property of Coffee Components: Assessment of Methods that Define Mechanisms of Action. Molecules, 19(11), 19180–19208. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191119180

Morris, C. J., Yang, J. N., Garcia, J. I., Myers, S., Bozzi, I., Wang, W., Buxton, O. M., Shea, S. A., & Scheer, F. A. J. L. (2015). Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418955112

Jordan, S., Tung, N., Casanova-Acebes, M., Chang, C., Cantoni, C., Zhang, D., Wirtz, T. H., Naik, S., Rose, S. A., Brocker, C. N., Gainullina, A., Hornburg, D., Horng, S., Maier, B. B., Cravedi, P., LeRoith, D., Gonzalez, F. J., Meissner, F., Ochando, J., … Merad, M. (2019). Dietary Intake Regulates the Circulating Inflammatory Monocyte Pool. Cell, 178(5), 1102-1114.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.050

Kanikarla-Marie, P., & Jain, S. K. (2016). Hyperketonemia and ketosis increase the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 95, 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.020

Calorie calculations: U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2017, February). DRI Calculator for Healthcare Professionals | National Agricultural Library. National Agriculture Library, Human Nutrition and Safety. https://www.nal.usda.gov/human-nutrition-and-food-safety/dri-calculator

EXERCISE

Vieira, A. F., Costa, R. R., Macedo, R. C. O., Coconcelli, L., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2016). Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(7), 1153–1164. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516003160

Elgaddal, N., Kramarow, E. A., & Reuben, C. (2022, August 22). Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2020. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, NCHS Data Brief, Number 443, Month 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db443.pdf

Poehlman E. T. (1989). A review: exercise and its influence on resting energy metabolism in man. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 21(5), 515–525.

La New, J. M., & Borer, K. T. (2022). Effects of Walking Speed on Total and Regional Body Fat in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients, 14(3), 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030627

Dimitrov, S., Hulteng, E., & Hong, S. (2017). Inflammation and exercise: Inhibition of monocytic intracellular TNF production by acute exercise via β2-adrenergic activation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 61, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.017

Shiroma, E. J., & Lee, I.-M. (2010). Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Lessons Learned From Epidemiological Studies Across Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity. Circulation, 122(7), 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914721

Ozemek, C., Laddu, D. R., Lavie, C. J., Claeys, H., Kaminsky, L. A., Ross, R., Wisloff, U., Arena, R., & Blair, S. N. (2018). An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 61(5–6), 484–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005

Pinckard, K., Baskin, K. K., & Stanford, K. I. (2019). Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 6, 69. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00069

Sardana, M., Lin, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Trinquart, L., Benjamin, E. J., Manders, E. S., Fusco, K., Kornej, J., Hammond, M. M., Spartano, N., Pathiravasan, C. H., Kheterpal, V., Nowak, C., Borrelli, B., Murabito, J. M., & McManus, D. D. (2021). Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Home Blood Pressure in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS): Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(6), e25591. https://doi.org/10.2196/25591

Konopka, A. R., & Harber, M. P. (2014). Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy After Aerobic Exercise Training. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 42(2), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000007

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., White, S. M., Wojcicki, T. R., Mailey, E., Vieira, V. J., Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Woods, J. A., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 3017–3022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015950108

Stern, Y., MacKay-Brandt, A., Lee, S., McKinley, P., McIntyre, K., Razlighi, Q., Agarunov, E., Bartels, M., & Sloan, R. P. (2019). Effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in younger adults: A randomized clinical trial. Neurology, 92(9), e905–e916. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007003

Basso, J. C., & Suzuki, W. A. (2017). The Effects of Acute Exercise on Mood, Cognition, Neurophysiology, and Neurochemical Pathways: A Review. Brain Plasticity, 2(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-160040

Wipfli, B., Landers, D., Nagoshi, C., & Ringenbach, S. (2011). An examination of serotonin and psychological variables in the relationship between exercise and mental health: Serotonin, exercise, and mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(3), 474–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01049.x

Bassett, D. R., Toth, L. P., LaMunion, S. R., & Crouter, S. E. (2017). Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications. Sports Medicine, 47(7), 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1

ACSM Heart Rate Reserve: Zuhl, M. (2020). Tips For Monitoring Aerobic Exercise Intensity. ACSM.org. https://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/files-for-resource-library/exercise-intensity-infographic.pdf?sfvrsn=f467c793_2

STRESS

Bjorntorp, P. (2001). Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obesity Reviews, 2(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x

Chao, A. M., Jastreboff, A. M., White, M. A., Grilo, C. M., & Sinha, R. (2017). Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related hormones: Prospective prediction of 6-month changes in food cravings and weight: Stress, Cravings, and Weight. Obesity, 25(4), 713–720. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21790

American Psychological Association. (2019, November 5). Stress in America 2020: A National Mental Health Crisis. APA. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2020/report-october

STRESS & GRATITUDE

Hazlett, L. I., Moieni, M., Irwin, M. R., Haltom, K. E. B., Jevtic, I., Meyer, M. L., Breen, E. C., Cole, S. W., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2021). Exploring neural mechanisms of the health benefits of gratitude in women: A randomized controlled trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 95, 444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.019

Kyeong, S., Kim, J., Kim, D. J., Kim, H. E., & Kim, J.-J. (2017). Effects of gratitude meditation on neural network functional connectivity and brain-heart coupling. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05520-9

Shipon, R. W. (2007). Gratitude: Effect on perspectives and blood pressure of inner-city African-American hypertensive patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 68(3-B), 1977.

Newman, D. B., Gordon, A. M., & Mendes, W. B. (2021). Comparing daily physiological and psychological benefits of gratitude and optimism using a digital platform. Emotion, 21(7), 1357–1365. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001025

Zahn, R., Moll, J., Paiva, M., Garrido, G., Krueger, F., Huey, E. D., & Grafman, J. (2009). The Neural Basis of Human Social Values: Evidence from Functional MRI. Cerebral Cortex, 19(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn080

Tani, Y., Koyama, Y., Doi, S., Sugihara, G., Machida, M., Amagasa, S., Murayama, H., Inoue, S., Fujiwara, T., & Shobugawa, Y. (2022). Association between gratitude, the brain and cognitive function in older adults: Results from the NEIGE study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 100, 104645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2022.104645

Emmons, R. A., & Stern, R. (2013). Gratitude as a Psychotherapeutic Intervention: Gratitude. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 846–855. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22020

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006

Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(5), 431–451.

STRESS & MEDITATION

Desbordes, G., Negi, L. T., Pace, T. W. W., Wallace, B. A., Raison, C. L., & Schwartz, E. L. (2012). Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00292

Taren, A. A., Gianaros, P. J., Greco, C. M., Lindsay, E. K., Fairgrieve, A., Brown, K. W., Rosen, R. K., Ferris, J. L., Julson, E., Marsland, A. L., Bursley, J. K., Ramsburg, J., & Creswell, J. D. (2015). Mindfulness meditation training alters stress-related amygdala resting state functional connectivity: A randomized controlled trial. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(12), 1758–1768. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv066

Creswell, J. D., Taren, A. A., Lindsay, E. K., Greco, C. M., Gianaros, P. J., Fairgrieve, A., Marsland, A. L., Brown, K. W., Way, B. M., Rosen, R. K., & Ferris, J. L. (2016). Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Link Mindfulness Meditation With Reduced Interleukin-6: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biological Psychiatry, 80(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.008

Rosenkranz, M. A., Lutz, A., Perlman, D. M., Bachhuber, D. R. W., Schuyler, B. S., MacCoon, D. G., & Davidson, R. J. (2016). Reduced stress and inflammatory responsiveness in experienced meditators compared to a matched healthy control group. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.013

Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., & Lazar, S. W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 191(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006

Loucks, E. B., Nardi, W. R., Gutman, R., Kronish, I. M., Saadeh, F. B., Li, Y., Wentz, A. E., Webb, J., Vago, D. R., Harrison, A., & Britton, W. B. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP): Stage 1 single-arm clinical trial. PLOS ONE, 14(11), e0223095. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223095

Kemper, K. J., Powell, D., Helms, C. C., & Kim-Shapiro, D. B. (2015). Loving-Kindness Meditation’s Effects on Nitric Oxide and Perceived Well-being: A Pilot Study in Experienced and Inexperienced Meditators. EXPLORE, 11(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2014.10.002

Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Wasserman, R. H., Gray, J. R., Greve, D. N., Treadway, M. T., McGarvey, M., Quinn, B. T., Dusek, J. A., Benson, H., Rauch, S. L., Moore, C. I., & Fischl, B. (2005). Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. NeuroReport, 16(17), 1893–1897. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000186598.66243.19

Newberg, A. B., & Iversen, J. (2003). The neural basis of the complex mental task of meditation: Neurotransmitter and neurochemical considerations. Medical Hypotheses, 61(2), 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00175-0

Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., Mete, M., Dutton, M. A., Baker, A. W., & Simon, N. M. (2022). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Escitalopram for the Treatment of Adults With Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3679

Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). Mindfulness Training Improves Working Memory Capacity and GRE Performance While Reducing Mind Wandering. Psychological Science, 24(5), 776–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459659

Luders, E., Cherbuin, N., & Kurth, F. (2015). Forever Young(er): Potential age-defying effects of long-term meditation on gray matter atrophy. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01551

STRESS & YOGA

Yoga classified by NIH as form of medicine: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021, April). Yoga - What You Need To Know. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved December 2022, from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-what-you-need-to-know

Gotink, R. A., Vernooij, M. W., Ikram, M. A., Niessen, W. J., Krestin, G. P., Hofman, A., Tiemeier, H., & Hunink, M. G. M. (2018). Meditation and yoga practice are associated with smaller right amygdala volume: The Rotterdam study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 12(6), 1631–1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-018-9826-z

van Aalst, J., Ceccarini, J., Demyttenaere, K., Sunaert, S., & Van Laere, K. (2020). What Has Neuroimaging Taught Us on the Neurobiology of Yoga? A Review. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2020.00034

Gothe, N. P., Khan, I., Hayes, J., Erlenbach, E., & Damoiseaux, J. S. (2019). Yoga Effects on Brain Health: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Brain Plasticity, 5(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-190084

Falkenberg, R. I., Eising, C., & Peters, M. L. (2018). Yoga and immune system functioning: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41(4), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-018-9914-y

Wu, Y., Johnson, B. T., Acabchuk, R. L., Chen, S., Lewis, H. K., Livingston, J., Park, C. L., & Pescatello, L. S. (2019). Yoga as Antihypertensive Lifestyle Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, S002561961830939X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.023

Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Haller, H., Steckhan, N., Michalsen, A., & Dobos, G. (2014). Effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology, 173(2), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.017

Riley, K. E., & Park, C. L. (2015). How does yoga reduce stress? A systematic review of mechanisms of change and guide to future inquiry. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.981778

Jeter, P. E., Nkodo, A.-F., Moonaz, S. H., & Dagnelie, G. (2014). A Systematic Review of Yoga for Balance in a Healthy Population. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 20(4), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2013.0378

Tiedemann, A., S. O’Rourke, R. Sesto, and C. Sherrington. “A 12-Week Iyengar Yoga Program Improved Balance and Mobility in Older Community-Dwelling People: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1068–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt087

Telles, S., Dash, M., & Naveen, K. V. (2009). Effect of yoga on musculoskeletal discomfort and motor functions in professional computer users. Work, 33(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2009-0877

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Gothe, N. P., Kramer, A. F., & McAuley, E. (2014). The Effects of an 8-Week Hatha Yoga Intervention on Executive Function in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 69(9), 1109–1116. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu095

Streeter, C. C., Whitfield, T. H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S. K., Yakhkind, A., Perlmutter, R., Prescot, A., Renshaw, P. F., Ciraulo, D. A., & Jensen, J. E. (2010). Effects of Yoga Versus Walking on Mood, Anxiety, and Brain GABA Levels: A Randomized Controlled MRS Study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(11), 1145–1152. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.000

LIFESTYLE

Americans feel unwell - survey: Gelesis and Kelton Global. (2020, December 22). New survey finds 71 million Americans have gained weight throughout the pandemic. gelesis.com. https:// www.gelesis.com/2020/12/22/new-survey-finds-71-million- americans-have-gained-weight-throughout-the-pandemic/

Sharifi-Rad, M., Anil Kumar, N. V., Zucca, P., Varoni, E. M., Dini, L., Panzarini, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Prakash Mishra, A., Nigam, M., El Rayess, Y., Beyrouthy, M. E., Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A. O., … Sharifi-Rad, J. (2020). Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 694. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694

Khansari, N., Shakiba, Y., & Mahmoudi, M. (2009). Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Major Cause of Age- Related Diseases and Cancer. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery, 3(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.2174/187221309787158371

Writing by hand: Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581.